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Terrorism Case free essay sample

Fear based oppression has been around for a considerable length of time. It has developed from its start and over the long haul the procedures and methods change. Each fear monger blames a specific reason so as to legitimize their dread assaults. Because somebody is a fear based oppressor isn’t doesn’t imply that they have mental issues. They accept that they are following God’s will and will wind up in heaven for completing these exercises. Fear mongering in the Middle East has its underlying foundations in the Arab-Israeli clash that is going on. These psychological militant exercises that happen in the Middle East have been submitted for the sake of Palestinian self-assurance and for the obliteration of Israel. The contention with Israel has been going on since 1948 when it was formally made. One of the principle purposes behind this contention was on the grounds that Palestine accepts that Israeli terrains were guaranteed to them by British pilgrim specialists. One of the significant fear monger bunches that were made in this contention was the Palestine Liberation Organization which was driven by Yasser Arafat. We will compose a custom article test on Psychological warfare Case or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Their primary strategic to wreck Israel and set up a Palestinian state. Since Israel is the main non-Muslim country in the Middle East it is viewed as a trespasser of Islamic ways. They accept that the Western world is ruining the Middle East. Psychological warfare additionally happens in Europe. Some little fear based oppressor bunches were shaped in the late mid 1960’s and mid 1980’s. These fear based oppressor bunches blamed the inspirations of financial matters and vision for their motivation to do these assaults. Not at all like other fear monger bunches these were undergrads who were utilizing demonstrations of viciousness since they couldn’t look for some kind of employment in the wake of graduating school. Two significant fear monger bunches that were made were the Provisional Irish Republican Army and Spain’s Bosque Fatherland and Liberty which there mission was to endeavor to withdraw from their countries. In 1922 Ireland was allowed autonomy from Britain with the arrangement that its six dominatingly Protestant northeaster regions would remain with the United Kingdom. Numerous Irish didn’t concur with this split of their nation. The Catholic minority that was associated with this division confronted separation in work, lodging, and political interest. With respect to the Basque fear based oppressor bunch which was framed in 1959, its strategic to push General Franco out of intensity. The fear monger bunch additionally needed an autonomous state for Spain’s Basque ethnic gathering. The Basque ETA endured political abuse on the grounds that the Spanish government attempting to obliterate their way of life and absorb them into the Spanish culture. Concerning the Al Qaeda record I would figure that it was made inside the most recent twenty years since it discusses utilizing modern strategies to explode explosives, for example, utilizing impacting tops. It discloses to you how touchy they are and that you should take alert in light of their affectability. It additionally reveals to you how to make the impacting top utilizing an all-encompassing funnel and that touchy material which is the fundamental essential substance. It just appears as if this couldn’t have been written in the 70’s or 80’s yet I could be mixed up. One significant distinction between Al Qaeda and the U. S. military is we are increasingly sorted out. The U. S. military has a set method of getting things done and preparing in a controlled domain. Al Qaeda then again needs to prepare in mystery because of a paranoid fear of being found by American or alliance powers. They should prepare with whatever weapons they can get their hands on. Their weapons aren’t as cutting edge as the U. S. military. Al Qaeda utilizes IED’s or Improvised Explosive Devices to make harm American and alliance powers. These IED’s are viable however not sheltered or precise. They cause these IED’s from whatever they to can discover. They are produced using five segments which incorporate a switch (activator), an initiator (combine), compartment (body), charge (touchy), and a force source (battery). It is exceptionally hard for westerners to penetrate Al Qaeda since they are such a very close gathering, that utilizes mystery as an apparatus to stop any conceivable invasion of their system. As per U. S. spy organizations they think that its progressively hard to invade Al Qaeda contrasted with the Kremlin during the virus war. This isn’t great on the grounds that so as to stop further fear based oppressor assaults you need to invade that association to accumulate insight. In the event that you don’t have solid knowledge sources, at that point you are essentially visually impaired and open to assault. Some counterterrorism authorities said their offices botched early chances to penetrate the Al Qaeda arrange. They had a go at offering money awards to get Al Qaeda individuals to flip on their association. The issue with that strategy is these fear monger individuals are strict radicals and don’t need to successfully irritate God. By them accepting hush money they would do only that. I would rate Al Qaeda’s level of refinement as moderate. I wouldn’t contrast them at all with our military. We are refined and have a very much looked after military. Al Qaeda then again doesn’t experience the broad preparing that our military does. They do have their different preparing techniques however they aren’t as cutting edge as the American military. One bit of leeway of Al Qaeda’s preparing technique is their mountain preparing. They have many years of preparing in the mountain’s and that is the reason it is hard for American and alliance powers to chase them down. As a lead specialist I would tell them Al Qaeda’s preparing techniques and weapon of decision which is the AK-47 ambush rifle. This is a powerful weapon since it doesn’t jam regularly and it is flexible in a desert situation. I would likewise raise their degree of mystery and their devotion to their religion as a reason to submit mass homicide to assist their motivation. My group would need to see how Al Qaeda works and make sense of an approach to get somebody inside to invade their gathering and bring home some strong useable Intel to stop further slaughtering. http://www. towson. edu/polsci/ppp/sp97/dread/causes. html http://www. huffingtonpost. com/2008/03/20/specialists why-the-west-cant_n_92633. html

College and Health Condition

College and Health Condition 5 Ways College Can Affect Your Health Condition Home›Education Posts›5 Ways College Can Affect Your Health Condition Education PostsCollege greatly influences all spheres of students’ life. Maybe someone will be surprised but college has enormous effect on health condition. When in college, students experience some health problems. They include stress, sleep deprivation, depression, weight gain, and others. Feeling good is very important for every person. Health is the greatest treasure in our life, therefore, it is crucial to take care of it. There is no life absent good health condition. As college times are a little bit stressing period of our life, you should be aware of 5 most common ways college can affect your health condition. Look through 5 most common ways in order to be ready:Sleep deprivation.When in college, students experience sleep deprivation very often. Students often find themselves in such a difficult situation as being overloaded with tons of assignments. T hey spend sleepless nights in a hope to cope with all their tasks but quite often it doesn’t help and only leads to health problems. So, whenever you are overloaded with your tasks, you can always contact qualitycustomessays.com  in order to alleviate the burden.Weight gain.One of the biggest problems student may encounter with in college is weight gain. As newcomers feel scary and nervous, they tend to eat more, thus gaining weight. Also students don’t want to waste their time on normal dinner. Instead of this, they eat fast food which is rich in calories. For this very reason, it is recommendable to keep to a healthy diet and eating schedule.Depression.It is a known fact that students experience heightened levels of anxiety and depression. They suffer from such issues when getting used to a new environment. Depression is a very dangerous state of health, therefore, you should take immediate action. Try not to be nervous and control yourself.Casual sexual affairs.Since students start to feel free because of leaving their homes and parents, they fool around and don’t think about the consequences. Sometimes students engage in casual sexual affairs as they think it is normal since their peers do the same way. However, be ready that casual sex can bring you a lot of problems such as sexually transmitted diseases, unintended pregnancy, sexual violence, and emotional distress. Please remember that it is better to have one reliable and beloved person than sleep around.Substance abuse.All abovementioned issues may lead to substance abuse. It is a common situation when students go on a drinking bout or start to take drugs. It’s a serious problem because it causes negative consequences. Everyone should remember that drinking or taking drugs will not save you from problems but only aggravate them.

Fahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury - 1952 Words

Censorship is everywhere in America. We censor or ban items or themes from movies, books, and other things in an attempt to keep the people of our country happy, content. However, this method doesn t always work, especially for the people who created was is being censored. This is clearly displayed in the plight of Ray Bradbury’s novel about a dystopian American society, Fahrenheit 451, which contains many ideas and bits of content that some people believed should be censored. In fact, one of the reasons that this novel was censored for displaying the dangers of censorship, which is both extremely ironic, and telling as to where this society is going. Thanks to several distributors and oversensitive parents and teachers, Fahrenheit 451 has been banned in many schools over the years, and replaced with censored copies by editors and distributors on the market. There are many aspects and ideas displayed in Fahrenheit 451 that society finds need to censor, although some are rather minor and aren t actually that offending. Most of the reasons are religiously controversial or deal with language and death (sometimes suicide). For example, in one scene, Guy Montag and his fellow firemen were on a burning mission at the house of an old woman. They doused the house in gasoline, but then the woman herself set the house ablaze, killing herself and burning her books (Bradbury, pg. 36-37). In a different scene, Mildred Montag is seen talking with her lady friends, and the topic ofShow MoreRelatedFahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury719 Words   |  3 PagesThe flash point of paper, or the temperature at which paper will burst in flames, is 451 degrees Fahrenheit. In Fahrenheit 451, written by Ray Bradbury, the main character, Guy Montag, is a â€Å"fireman† in a futuristic society where he and his coworkers start fires, rather than put them out. Books are banned and burned, along with the owner of the book’s house and sometimes even the owner of the book, upon discovery. Technology has taken over in a sense that social interaction between the average personRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury954 Words   |  4 Pages In Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, the author uses allegory (often misinterpreted by readers) to show the dangers of mass media consumption and the decline of reading traditional media. Many readers draw incorrect conclusions (lessons learned) from the book due to how generally the book applies its theme. Government censorship, though an important topic, is not the intended focus of the novel Fahrenheit 451. Finally, Bradbury’s original message of the book shows the beauty of traditional media andRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1592 Words   |  7 PagesWhen writing the introduction to Fahrenheit 451, author Neil Gaiman stated that â€Å"ideas--written ideas--are special. They are the way we transmit our stories and our thoughts from one generation to the next. If we lose them, we lose our shared historyà ¢â‚¬ . Gaiman is absolutely correct; especially because what he is saying heavily applies to books. Books are a critical aspect in shaping humanity as a whole, they create and share a network of creative ideas, history, and overall entertainment; to loseRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury918 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Fahrenheit 451,† written by Ray Bradbury, is a futuristic, dystopian novel based upon a society secluded by technology and ignorance. In this future society, books are outlawed and firemen are presented with the task of burning books that are found in people’s homes. Montag, a fireman, finds himself intrigued with the books, and begins to take them home and read them. As the story progresses, Montag learns the truth behind why books are outlawed and flees his city to join the last remnants of age-oldRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury847 Words   |  4 PagesSet Knowledge On Fire The book Fahrenheit 451 is a postmodern work by Ray Bradbury first published in 1951. In Bradbury’s story, all books are illegal and are subject to be burned by firemen. Furthermore, the two predominant themes of Fahrenheit 451 are censorship and ignorance. The censorship implemented over the years removes all information from society that is necessary to learn, which accomplishes to prevent people from questioning anything. The ignorance of society has been fostered and theRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1661 Words   |  7 Pages1.) In the novel, Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, Montag’s view on life reverses. Two characters the influence the main character Guy Montag are the old lady whose house and books were burnt down and Mildred. The old lady was caught preserving books in her home. Firemen including Montag were ordered to burn the books. The old lady refused to leave her books, so she too was burned. She bravely gave an allusion as her last words, â€Å"Play the man,’ she said, ‘Master Ridley.’ Something, somethingRead MoreFahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury818 Words   |  4 PagesFAHRENHEIT 451 BY RAY BRADBURY Important People in Montag’s Life In Partical Fulfillment Of English 2 Ms Irina Abramov By Helen Hernandez November 9, 2012 â€Å"There are worse crimes than burning books. One of them is not reading them† -Ray Bradbury. In the past there were events that affected book writers. People will get together to burn books because they thought it was inappropriate or they were against their literature. Montag is a fireman in a futuristic society who would startRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury863 Words   |  4 PagesThe novel, Fahrenheit 451 was written by Ray Bradbury and it took place in the dystopian future. Throughout each novel, we are able to see a major theme, which is censorship. In this essay, I will explain how this theme are explored in the story by using the literary devices. To begin with, in this novel, censorship is not given a straight description, but we can see how the author shows it through many literary elements, such as using the setting, tone and symbolisms even foreshadowing. This novelRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1544 Words   |  7 PagesRay Bradbury, the author of Fahrenheit 451, expresses his perspective on life in an interview. His interview contains a common theme: Do what you love, and love what you do (Bradbury). Bradbury sends a message in his interview that people should love life, and live to the fullest because he believes life is a beautiful thing. Although Bradbury no longer can demonstrate his love for life his message still lives in the pages of Fahrenheit 451. The Government of the society in the novel has told theirRead MoreFahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury904 Words   |  4 PagesLiving in a world with no free thought would be bland as cardboard. But, if that cardboard illuminated with fire, would it have more mea ning than it did before? The answer is yes. In the novel Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, the main character, Montag, finds much meaning behind the simple element of fire. The symbol of fire is used to represent how Montag changes himself and his ideas and thoughts about fire throughout the novel. At first, Montag views fire as destructive, but enjoys burning because

Liberation of Woman Essay - 1317 Words

The Liberation of Woman The terms Liberated Women and Womens Liberation are not necessarily synonymous. In fact, much like the chicken and the egg, one may wonder which came first. While the term Liberated Women was probably not a widely used phrase until the height of the womens liberation movement, I maintain that liberated women emerged first. Moreover, it was the liberated women who inspired and initiated the womens liberation movement. In The Politics of Housework Pat Mainardi writes, Liberated women - very different from womens liberation! The first signals all kids of goodies, to warm the hearts (not to mention other parts) of the most radical men. The other signals - housework (Bloom†¦show more content†¦One fig was a husband and a happy home and children, and another fig was a brilliant professor, and another fig was Ee Gee, the amazing editor, ... and another fig was an Olympic lady crew champion, and beyond and above these were many more figs I couldnt quite make out. I saw myself sitting in the crotch of this fig tree, starving to death, just because I couldnt make up my mind which of the figs I would choose. I wanted each and every one of them, but choosing one meant losing all the rest, and, as I sat there, unable to decide, the figs began to wrinkle and go black, and, one by one, they plopped to the ground at my feet. (Plath 62-3) The helplessness and confusion Esther feels no doubt stems from the pressure to resign herself to the role of perfect housewife and to be completely satisfied with that role, as many women of the era seemed to be. However, Esther believes that she is worthy of much more, and she is right. She would have fit in well with the women of the new millennium who strive to have it all, though the fight is not easy for them either. Liberated women also wanted their sexual independence. They were tired of the double standard that existed in the bedroom. It was acceptable for a man to have sexual experience before marriage, but a woman mustShow MoreRelatedLiberation And The Africana Woman1406 Words   |  6 Pages LIBERATION AND THE AFRICANA WOMAN Amijah C. Townsend-Holmes African Diaspora and the World (ADW 112) Professor J. Canty March 17th, 2016 Spring 2016 atownse5@scmail.spelman.edu Paulo Freire’s beliefs concerning liberation and notions of oppression absolutely align with one another and tell a story that starts with enslavement that still relates to today. In Freire’s writings, he does not hesitate to highlight the white power establishment, and the black survival struggleRead More Plaths The Bell Jar -The Liberated Woman Essay1639 Words   |  7 PagesPlaths The Bell Jar -The Liberated Woman      Ã‚   I tried to imagine what it would be like if Constantin were my husband.    It would mean getting up at seven and cooking him eggs and bacon and toast and coffee and dawdling about in my nightgown and curlers after hed left for work to wash up the dirty plates and make the bed, and then when he came home after a lively, fascinating day hed expect a big dinner, and Id spend the evening washing up even more dirty plates till I fellRead MoreThe Myth Of Woman By Simone De Beauvoir922 Words   |  4 Pagesthemselves. The myth of woman is the idea that women are inherently different than men. Man believes that he posits himself first, and then posits others. In the myth of woman, men see women as others that are incapable of positing themselves. The reality is that women are the same as men in an existential sense. They are both subjects, who posit themselves before they posit others. Man uses the myth of woman to subjugate women and treat them as lesser, as â€Å"[the myth of woman] justifies all privilegesRead MoreEssay about Liberated Women vs. Womens Liberation1363 Words   |  6 PagesLiberated Women vs. Womens Liberation      Ã‚   The idealized American housewife of the 60s radiated happiness, freed by science and labor-saving appliances from the drudgery, the dangers of childbirth and the illnesses of her grandmother...healthy, beautiful, educated, concerned only about her husband, her children, her home, wrote Betty Friedan in The Problem That Has No Name (463). Women were portrayed as being freed, yet it was from this mold that liberated women attempted to freeRead MoreAnalyzing Black Liberation Theology, Latin American Liberation Theology, and Feminist Theology1371 Words   |  6 PagesLiberation Theology Black Liberation Theology, Latin American Liberation Theology, and Feminist Theology Liberation theology comprises of two main principles: it recognizes the call for liberation from any form of oppression economic, political, and social: second, it says that theology must grow from the basic Christian communities and not from above. Liberation theology examines the theological meaning of human activities, which includes an explanation of the Christian faith out of sufferingRead MoreBell Hooks And The Feminist Movement872 Words   |  4 Pagesschool she received her bachelor’s degree from stanford university and her master’s degree from UC Santa Cruz. She experienced racial and sexual discrimination throughout her life, and when she was in college, Bell Hooks was exposed to the women’s liberation movement; a feminist movement from the 1970’s that fought for issues that affected women. This movement gave her an outlet to express her ideas about feminism. Bell Hooks fought for women’s rights through literature and created a more inclu siveRead MoreFeminism As A Black Woman774 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent to every woman. What feminism means to Beyoncà © may be different from what it means to Bell Hooks. In Feminism is for Everybody, Hooks defines feminism as, â€Å"a movement to end sexism, sexist exploitation, and oppression.† Beyoncà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s feminism may be personal to her but the narratives she depicts in Lemonade resonate with her fans. Through the lenses of Hooks, I will examine the lyrics and images of Beyoncà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Lemonade by comparing their views on marriage, political liberation, and double standardsRead MoreLiberation Ideology Essay1235 Words   |  5 Pagesthat all individuals are free and equal. Liberation ideology strives to eliminate external and internal oppression of particular groups in both a formal and informal method in our legal system and society. This ideology believes in the freedom and equality of the individual. Similar to welfare liberalism, strong government in teraction is necessary to eliminate oppression in the legal system. In our current bipartisan ideological government system, liberation ideology continues to face oppressionRead MoreSimone De Beauvoir And Frantz Fanon And The Oppression Of Women1649 Words   |  7 Pages With the view of the minority so firmly permeating society’s mind, the voice of the minority falls to the wayside. Simone de Beauvoir, Frantz Fanon, and Michel Foucault all seek to establish a voice for the minority, and a path to freedom and liberation from the dominance of the normalized majority. In her work â€Å"The Second Sex.† De Beauvoir tackles the oppression of women. While not a minority, women are written out of society by a more dominant male society, and experience oppression like thatRead MoreBlack Women And The Black Men1345 Words   |  6 Pageshave a long feminist tradition dating back to 19th-century activists such as Maria W. Stewart and Sojourner Truth, but their struggles ar e a tale of two fights. To be a black woman seeking liberation, one had to fight racial inequality and sexual inequality at the same time. Black women who were involved in the Black Liberation Movement were discriminated against sexually by black men who were oppressed by whites and felt they had to adopt patriarchal roles. Black women in the Women s Movement faced

King Lear Imagery Free Essays

The seemingly loving and honest sisters, Generic and Reagan, and Starr son, Edmund, are In reality; evil, uncaring, deceitful beings, and clothing that symbolizes who a person Is, Is simply only an Illusion. Early on in the play, Learns two daughters, Generic and Reagan, appear to be very caring and are loving towards him, but with animal Imagery, their true nature is shown. When Lear tells his three daughter to profess their love to him (when he is dividing the kingdom) Generic and Reagan speak words of love and affection such as † Sir, I love you more than word can wield the matter,†¦ Beyond what can be valued, rich or rare,†¦ , when In reality, they do not possess the feelings they claim they have. We will write a custom essay sample on King Lear Imagery or any similar topic only for you Order Now Their appearance is that they are sincere, loyal and charming but the reality is the opposite. The two sister lie to their father to get what they want. They say what they know he wants to hear. It is only after Generic tries to force Lear to get rid of his men when he finally starts to realism how uncaring they are. Lear even calls Generic a â€Å"Detested kite! â€Å", and that Is in fact what she is. Her and her sister lied and faked emotion to benefit them, â€Å"fed† off Lear as a vulture would to It’s prey. Further Into the play, Lear completely realizes his daughters true evil nature, â€Å"†¦ How sharper than a serpent’s tooth it is to have a thankless child. â€Å", again referring to them as unpleasant, vile animals. They took advantage of their father who was blinded by his ego to see the reality of who his daughters were. He mistook Generic and Reagan as the loving daughters, and Cornelia as the unloving one. Just because Cornelia did not play Learns love game, she was seen as the uncaring child. The reality of the daughters nature was swapped. These uses of animal Imagery help show what the woo, seemingly loving and affectionate sisters are actually Like. Deceitful, and cruel. Another way that the play shows false appearance is with clothing imagery. If a person wears extravagant, well-made clothing he is thought to be high society and is well respected. On the contrary, someone who wears ragged clothing is seen as useless, unimportant, and of low society. Lear was seen as powerful and respected, he was In fact the King, and wore luxurious robes and a fancy crown. In reality, he was not an intelligent man who was as powerful as he perceived himself to be. His loathing gave him that appearance, the illusion of power. When he had nothing, no kingdom, power, authority, or shelter, he still had the clothing, but he realizes that it now means nothing, â€Å"Through tattered clothes great vices do appear;’ Robes and furred gowns hide all. Plate sin with gold,†¦ â€Å". In this quote Lear Is saying that poor people may appear to have weaker characters, but people Like him have this clothing clothing portray certain expected qualities of the wearer. Edgar, the son of Gloucester, knew of these societal perceptions and used them to his advantage. His Starr brother, Edmund, forges a letter of him plotting to kill his father. When his father learns of his apparent plan, he seeks to kill Edgar. To keep from being found and killed Edgar disguises himself as a Bedlam beggar, â€Å"†¦ Brought near to beast. My face I’ll grime with filth,] Blanket my loins, elf all my hair in knots,] And with presented nakedness outface/ The winds and persecutions of the sky. † Since he drastically altered his appearance, and removed his clothes that represented who he is, no one will recognize and be able to kill him. This imagery shows Just how important and influential the clothing they wear are. Society associates specific appearances to specific people. If you have the look, you are what the look signifies. An illusion of importance or unimportance can be made depending on what clothes are draped. This imagery again explores the theme of appearance verses reality and shows the reader what reality is underneath the appearance. As well as the previous types of imagery enhanced the central theme, eye imagery is perhaps the most prominent. Eyes are what literally see what happens. It would be presumed that one could see the reality when it is happening before their eyes, but n King Lear this was not the case. As mentioned before, Generic and Reagan were also reality twisting children who deceived their father. Eye imagery is used to help covey the message that Lear is finally seeing the reality of his daughters when he says, â€Å"Pierce every sense thee! / Old fond eyes J Between this cause again, I’ll pluck ye out. And cast you with the waters that you loose/ To temper clay. ‘ Yea, isn’t come to this? Ha! Let it be so, I have another daughter/ Who I am sure is kind and comfortable. † He now has the idea that Generic and Reagan are the daughters that do not care for him, ND that it is, in fact, Cornelia that truly loves him. Edmund appears to all as a fine young gentleman who is loyal and brave. In reality, Edmund is a cunning, devious, opportunist who will stop at nothing to please himself. Gloucester and many others are tricked by Edmunds appearance. What Gloucester does not see or refuse to see, is the hatred Edmund has for him because of his cavalier treatment of him. Edmund wants all control of Gloucester money and power. He fools both Edgar and Gloucester, destroying both of them, and turns them against each other. Only when Gloucester loses his physical sight does he see the reality of his two sons, â€Å"O my follies! Then Edgar was abused. Kind gods forgive me that, and prosper him! â€Å". He is told that Edmund was the one who ratted him out and that Edgar, all along, wasn’t plotting to kill him. What appeared to him was Edmund was the honorable one and Edgar was the one turning against him, when in reality, it was the other way around. This type of imagery shows that what is seen is not always what it appears to be. These characters acted in a manner that made them appear to be who they are not, and even with sight, the reality was not seen immediately. To conclude, Shakespeare effectively used imagery in King Lear to help emphasis his theme of appearance verses reality, and how things are not always what they appear to be. The use of animal imagery to portray the true nature of the two and eye imagery of how things that can be physically seen, are not always what they appear to be, all further prove that reality can be completely different from the appearance. At first glance or impression, something can seem totally different than it’s reality. Sometimes in order to see the truth, it takes more than Just seeing and believing what is right before your eyes. How to cite King Lear Imagery, Papers

Project Management Maturity Models

Introduction The business world in the early 90’s saw organisations start managing their own projects and the title of project manager became increasingly relevant within the organisational setting. Many organisations moved towards a principle called the PRINCE2M to create consistency in the way they managed their projects and to help the increasing number of project managers in their work (Kezner, 2005).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Project Management: Maturity Models specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Due to the demand for project management and the rising number of project managers in the industry, organisations started basing their recruitment and strategic planning models on competencies of project management. However, project management requires more than certification from an accredited institution. It requires more than just training of managers. A successful organisation must have proces ses, tools, policies and standards that will help it to excel in all the projects it undertakes and this excellence cannot be obtained in the absence of other management systems which must be integrated for the project management standards to work effectively. Apart from the project infrastructure, an organisation requires high performing individuals but the two aforementioned variables working in isolation cannot guarantee long term or consistency in performance. To start with, this infrastructure cannot establish itself; it needs efficient human capital to establish it and this may take several years. The establishment itself needs to follow certain standards and principles for it to be successful and this call for a model that can be used to guide managers through the process. Project managers need to know what they need to do and the methods that they need to arrive at a certain destination. This is why maturity models are important in project management. The work of the project maturity models is to describe the scope of the projects and the activities that may be related to the project. It also entails the establishment of the key process areas that are vital in the achievement of successful outcomes What is a Project Management Maturity Model? This is a progressive process that allows businesses, firms and organisations to make consistent and evident improvements in the course of the development of a project. Many people think that a project maturity model is a tool that can be used to transform a project rapidly.Advertising Looking for research paper on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is a misconception because it is supposed to be a continuous process where the outcomes of project improvement are seen as time goes by and as the project moves towards its completion. Maturity levels for a project depend on the nature of the project and the needs of the organisation. They a lso depend on the level of maturity the organisation wants to achieve and in most cases projects that are singular or unique in nature do not require a high level of maturity as opposed to regular and multiple projects (Kezner, 2005). Project management maturity always focuses on continuous improvement even if the highest level of maturity has been achieved. These continuous improvements are necessary because the modern organisational world is highly dynamic meaning that there are emergent issues that need to be addressed. These include logistical constraints and technological advancements. This means that an organisation must be flexible enough to outsource external help while developing a project to the required level of maturity because this allows for an unbiased and neutral outlook of the processes that are guiding the development of the project (Cleland, 2006). Organisations also need to be aware of their current level of maturity before it can embark on the process of continu ous improvement. This means that there must be a complete assessment of the strengths, weaknesses, objectives and competencies and this assessment has to be objective for it to guide the process of continuous improvement of the projects being undertaken. A project management maturity model can help organisations to decide on the level of maturity that the projects it is undertaking should achieve and this can be guided by a complete assessment carried out by professional consultants who are well versed in the project management trends. There are five levels of maturity that can be used to judge any project (Gareis, 2005). The least desired level of project maturity is called the chaotic level and in this phase of project development there is neither a registered process nor noticeable presence of best practices being used currently in the organisational setting.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Project Management: Maturity Models specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The second level of maturity is called the active level and in this level the processes in the project are effectively document and there is a noticeable attempt to carry out the works in the project using these documentations though the results of the project at this level may not be noticeable. They may appear ad hoc because the project has not started following the strategies and the disciplines of the organisation to the letter (Kezner, 2005). The next level is the efficient maturity level where there is an evidence of the disciplines and laid out processes being followed by the parts of the project though not all parts of the project may be sticking to these laid out guidelines to the letter. The next level of project maturity is called the responsive level where there is consistency in the application the required processes which are normally measured and set to optimal standards. At this level, the management is resp onsive to any changes that may be required during the project management process (Delaware, 2006). The last level of maturity is called the business driven level and this level is achieved when the project is able to generate its own data and information that may be used to make in depth decisions which may be applied in setting up standard and practices that guide organizational practices. This level follows continuous improvement ensuring that projects in any organisation utilise the best practices along a relevant down process which is not too stagnant meaning that continuous improvement efforts are out in. Not all project maturity models follow the aforementioned levels of maturity but good models like OGC and P3M3 are likely to give the best results in project management because they go beyond the project management activities that are being carried out at the individual level meaning that they encompass other activities within an organisation that build and maintain a program ensuring tat effective methods and managerial practices are used (Wetzel, 2002).Advertising Looking for research paper on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More If organisations undertake a maturity assessment against the aforementioned models, they will be able to effectively verify what they have achieved, analyse their strong and weak points which will help them to chart a course that will prioritise actions that will enable the organisation to achieve a higher level of capability through constant improvements guided by the best practices in the industry. How can organisations improve their overall productivity using the models? Program management maturity models help organisations to break down the process of organisational improvement into manageable bits by allowing it to address the lower KPAs before the higher KPAs. First, organisations identify the level they are operating at and then identify the place they want to be. It is not compulsory for all organisations to be at maturity level five because the ideal maturity level is determined by the level of importance of the project. When organisations identify where they want to be, th e models helps them to get ways of taking them where they want to be. The program management maturity models often guide organisational processes meaning that for the company to get to the place it wants to be it must address its existing policies, processes, standards and structures and see whether they are efficient enough to take it where it wants to be or they need to be changed. Sometimes, maturity models force organisations to change the way work is done within its structure therefore affecting the working practices of people (Stevens, 2002). In some cases, this change can be significant and the maturity models help the organizations to handle the transition. One of the project management models that has helped organisations to improved their overall productivity is the sigma six model which helps them to create an effective roadmap and ensures that all the suggested solutions work in favour of the organisation. The sigma six models help organisations to increase their ability of collecting metrics which in turn create a solid platform for ongoing improvement through establishment of key performance indicators. P3M3 is another model that has helped organisations to improve their productivity. To start with, the model helps organisations to make effective procurement decisions but the most effective application of the model is in skills development. Using the P3M3 competency map, it is possible to create a roadmap of training programs that are relevant and are in accordance with the abilities of organisations. This model has proved to be effective in human resource management within organisations because it allows organisations to structure their competencies around the competency framework and this is a very effective assessment for benchmarking people within an organisation. The importance of organizational strategy and how project management link to objectives to achieve results Organizational strategy is very important in project management and aligni ng project management to organisational strategy helps the program to achieve the desired results because of its alignment to organisational objectives. Traditional business managers focused on getting the job done without regard for the objectives of the organisation meaning that they did not focus on the business results for which the project was created. It is important to note that projects are investments and this implies that money to fund the project must support the business or organisational strategy. In the modern organisational setting a project is successful if it meets the strategic objectives of a company or an organisation regardless of whether the results are able to cover the margins of the investment. For organisational strategy to be achieved and for objectives to be used to achieve results in project management, there must be a strategic leadership (Phillips, 2002). These leaders and project managers must be able to make effective decisions and concentrate on ach ieving the strategic vision of the project. Another important element of organisational strategy in project management is strategic project portfolio management which outlines the priority of project execution according to the strategic impact of the project, the perspectives and the outlook of the business and the resources that the organisation has at its disposal. A project must have a strategy which means that for it to meet the objectives of the organisation and produce the desired results; there must be a definition of the competitive advantage of the product which will help in articulation of comprehensive project strategy that will help the product to be a winner in the market. Simply put, linking project management to the strategic objectives of an organisation is something that must be upheld in the modern organisational environment because organisations have evolved and the most important thing in an organisation is its strategic direction and objective (Lock, 2007). Any process that does not factor the strategic direction and objectives of an organisation is absolutely redundant in the modern organisational setting. As days go by, the organisational environment is becoming more and more competitive and organisation are facing fiercer competition which means that an expansive concept of project management that goes in line with organisational strategy will definitely help organisations to attain a competitive advantage by ensuring that the outcomes of the project are aligned with the organisational objectives. The transition towards an expansive concept of project management calla for a change in organisational structure and culture which will help in modification of processes which will make project management a strategic process. Project communication methods and role of the stakeholders Communication in a project is a very important process. The methods that are used in communication depend on the type and the scale of the project. These methods may be verbal or written; they may also be interactive or collaborative but as stated above, the nature of the project determines the communication method used. Large projects would be compromised by verbal communication. Large projects require written communication at every stage because it allows for documentation and referrals during and after the project. However, written communication is governed by legal and linguistic factors that revolve around privacy protection and accessibility. In a case where the stakeholders are distributed over a wide area, there is a risk of dilution of clarity of information meaning that the project communication managers must use cross functional and inter-organisational communicational channels to ensure that relevant and clear information gets to the stakeholders (Kwak,2005). Face to face communication is increasingly being phased out by advances in technology but it is a very important tool when the project managers are meeting the stakeholders. It is also good for formal briefings for mass audiences. E mails are the best forms of written communication because of its speed and posterity though they may be unread by the target recipient. Newsletters are very good for creating general awareness about a project. Notices and posters may not be as effective as emails but they are also important for communicating changes especially the simple ones. Manuals and formal project documents are other important communication methods for projects because they are usually detailed also serve as user guides. Finally blogs have become effective ways of project communication because they are being used by project managers to keep stakeholders updated and also serve as marketing avenues Role of Stakeholders in a Project Project stakeholders are entities inside or outside the organisation that may be either sponsoring the project, has an interest in the project because they stand to gain from it or may be impacted upon by the completed comple tion. These include the customer, project managers, the team and the sponsors. The most important stakeholders are the sponsors, the managers and the customers. The role of the sponsor is to finance the project and to give the manager the authority to make vital decision that concerns the objectives of the project. They also help the project manager to resolves some aspects of the project objectives that may not be clear. The project manager’s role is to take charge of the approved plan, to maintain relationship with the clients and to manage the expectations of the clients. The managers make vital decisions regarding the project and also manage the team that works on the project. The work of the customer is to provide directions for functional quality through the expectations they raise (Ireland, 2006). They keep the project manager and the team ob their toes ensuring that the outcome of the project is in line with their expectations. Project Quality, Successes and Failures Poor quality of project management can compromise a successful project especially when the manager overlooks the specifications of the sponsor and the client. The latter determine the quality of a project. Quality of a project is not determined by the materials used or the infrastructure in place neither does it determines the levels of flawlessness. A project may have defects and still meet the expectations of the client while another may be flawless but it fails to meet these expectations. This means that the first ting that the project manager and the team should take into consideration is the expectations of the client and then out a plan that will help them to meet the expectations (Kezner, 2005). An example of a successful project management process has the following components. To start with, it must have criteria for correctness and completeness which will give the team a common expectation of what the client requires. Secondly, it must have a quality control process to ensu re that the deliverables are of high quality and they meet the expectations of the customer. The third is the quality assurance process that minimises the levels of errors in the project. Examples of troubled projects include evidence of higher maintenance and supports costs, poor quality solutions that dissatisfy the customer, missed deadlines and they also exceed the budget and poor team work within the team. It is important to note that quality management is a continuous process that the team and the managers need to focus on throughout the entire life of the project. Conclusion A better part of this paper has addressed the nature of project maturity models and how they are useful in project management. Maturity models can enhance the success of the project by providing a roadmap that will ensure that an organisation makes continuous improvements on the project and also ensure that the projects are carried out according to the specifications of the clients. Most maturity models c an enhance the quality hence the quality of a project but the model that has proved to be very effective is the sigma six model. References Cleland, I. (2006). Global project management handbook. NY: McGraw-Hill Professional. Delaware, P. (2005). The right projects done right! NY: John Wiley and Sons. Gareis, R. (2006). Global project management handbook. NY: McGraw-Hill Professional. Ireland, L. (2006). Project Management. NY: McGraw-Hill Professional.. Kezner, H. (2005).Using the project management maturity model. Oxford. OUP Kwak, Y. (2005). A brief history of Project Management: The story of managing projects. NY: Greenwood Publishing Group. Lock, D. (2007). Project management. Chicago: Gower Publishing, Ltd Phillips, J. (2003). PMP Project Management Professional Study Guide. NY: McGraw-Hill Professional. Stevens, M. (2002). Project Management Pathways. WA: APM Publishing Limited. Wetzel, M. (2003). Fifty key figures in management‎. NJ. Rutledge This research paper on Project Management: Maturity Models was written and submitted by user Mess1ah to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Anthrax Article Summary essays

Anthrax Article Summary essays Anthrax is a spore forming bacterium that comes from the Greek word for coal. It got the name because of the rashes and legions that look like coal dust. Most people get anthrax from infected animals. Anthrax has been around since biblical times and has been responsible for the fifth plague or cattle disease and the sixth plague, which would be known now as boils. Anthrax is found in domestic animals like deer, buffalo, elk, and wildebeest and so on, there have been incidents with anthrax in 82 countries. Not many have happened in the states, but the latest concerning animals was in North Dakota in 2000 in which 5 cows were infected. But in dirty countries anthrax is a household name, in fact, in 1945, one million sheep died in Iran. The hotspots for anthrax are South and Central America, Eastern and Southern Europe, Asia, the Middle East, Africa and the Caribbean. Most of the time, meat-eating animals are the hosts for anthrax. The endospores in anthrax are heat resistant, as well as resistant to drought, radiation, chemicals, disaffection, and time. In fact a jar of 50-year-old anthrax spores can still produce live bacteria. Anthrax is usually spread through the soil. Most amphibians, reptiles, and fish are naturally resistant to the symptoms of anthrax but they may still act as carriers, also, you can get anthrax by insects that bite you. If you are a human, which you should be, it will take approximately 8000 to 10000 spores to infect you, but its a pretty big number compared to the 10 bacteria it will take you to get the plague. Anthrax bacteria have a generation time of merely 15-20 minutes. That allows for very rapid spreading of the bacteria. If you do get anthrax you will start to see symptoms between 1 and 7 days. But most often it will happen before 48 hours have passed. Most often, anthrax is contracted through the surfaces of the head, forearms ...

About Presidential Recess Appointments

About Presidential Recess Appointments Often a politically controversial move, the â€Å"recess appointment† is a method by which the President of the United States can legally appoint new senior federal officials, like Cabinet secretaries, without the constitutionally-required approval of the Senate. The person appointed by the president assumes his or her appointed position without the approval of the Senate. The appointee must be approved by the Senate by the end of the next session of Congress, or when the position becomes vacant again. The power to make recess appointments is granted to the president by Article II, Section, 2, Clause 3  of the U.S. Constitution, which states: The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions which shall expire at the End of their next Session. Believing it would help prevent â€Å"governmental paralysis,† the delegates to the 1787 Constitutional Convention adopted the Recess Appointments Clause unanimously and without debate. Since early sessions of Congress lasted only three to six months, Senators would scatter throughout the country during the six-to-nine-month recesses to take care of their farms or businesses. During these extended periods, during which Senators were not available to provide their advice and consent, top presidentially-appointed positions often fell and remained open as when officeholders resigned or died. Thus, the Framers intended that the Recess Appointments Clause would function as a â€Å"supplement† to the hotly debated presidential appointment power, and was necessary so that the Senate need not, as Alexander Hamilton wrote in The Federalist No. 67, â€Å"be continually in session for the appointment of officers.† Similar to the general appointment power provided in Article II, Section 2, Clause 2, of the Constitution, the recess appointment power applies to the appointment of â€Å"Officers of the United States.† By far, the most controversial recess appointees have been federal judges because judges not confirmed by the Senate do not get the guaranteed life tenure and salary required by Article III.   To date, more than 300 federal judges have received recess appointments, including Supreme Court Justices William J. Brennan, Jr., Potter Stewart, and Earl Warren.   While the Constitution does not address the issue, the Supreme Court in its 2014 decision in the case of National Labor Relations Board v. Noel Canning ruled that the Senate must be in recess for at least three consecutive days before the president can make recess appointments. Often Considered a Subterfuge While the intent of the Founding Fathers in Article II, Section 2 was to grant the president the power to fill vacancies that actually occurred during a Senate recess, presidents have traditionally applied a much more liberal interpretation, using the clause as a means of bypassing Senate opposition to controversial nominees. Presidents often hope that opposition to their recess nominees will have lessened by the end of the next congressional session. However, recess appointments are more often looked on as a subterfuge and tend to harden the attitude of the opposition party, making final confirmation even more unlikely. Some Notable Recess Appointments President George W. Bush has placed several judges on U.S. courts of appeals via recess appointments when Senate Democrats filibustered their confirmation proceedings. In one controversial case, Judge Charles Pickering, appointed to the Fifth Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals, chose to withdraw his name from consideration for re-nomination when his recess appointment expired. President Bush also appointed Judge William H. Pryor, Jr. to the bench of the Eleventh Circuit Court during a recess, after the Senate repeatedly failed to vote on Pryors nomination. President Bill Clinton was harshly criticized for his recess appointment of Bill Lan Lee as assistant attorney general for civil rights when it became clear that Lees strong support of affirmative action would lead to Senate opposition. President John F. Kennedy appointed renowned jurist Thurgood Marshall to the Supreme Court during a Senate recess after Southern senators threatened to block his nomination. Marshall was later confirmed by the full Senate after the end of his replacement term. The Constitution does not specify a minimum length of time the Senate must be in recess before the president can enact a recess appointment. President Theodore Roosevelt was one of the most liberal of all recess appointees, making several appointments during Senate recesses lasting as little as one day. Using Pro Forma Sessions to Block Recess Appointments In attempts to prevent presidents from making recess appointments, Senators of the opposing political party often employ pro forma sessions of the Senate. While no real legislative activity takes place during pro forma sessions, they prevent the Senate from officially being adjourned, thus theoretically blocking the president from making recess appointments. But It Doesnt Always Work However, in 2012, four recess appointments made by President Barak Obama during Congress’ annual winter break were ultimately allowed, despite a break-long series of pro forma sessions called by Senate Republicans. While they were stiffly challenged by Republicans, all four appointees were eventually confirmed by the Democrat-controlled Senate. As many other presidents have over the years, Obama argued that pro forma sessions cannot be used to quash the president’s â€Å"constitutional authority† to make appointments.

Consultancy Projects Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Consultancy Projects - Essay Example The inventory now stands at sixty days requirements as against 20 days stock they used to hold a year ago. The disposal of this stock is causing problems. If it is not sold it will have to be thrown away due to its perishable nature. Her suggestion has caused a furor in the company management and at a recent meeting of the Marketing and Operation Council (MOC) of the company everyone seemed to have a different opinion to solve this problem. The outcome however has been in favour of two different views. One opinion is that the company should reduce its price by 45% thereby increasing its sales volume and bring down excess inventory to far lower levels. The inherent disadvantage here is that this will encourage the competition to do the same and the result will remain the same. Unless market share is increased this move is more likely to create chaos. It will also result in loosing customer confidence as the premium status of the product will be lost. The fear is that there will be immigration of customers to other suppliers. It was further pointed out that this loss could be mitigated by selling the excess inventory by calling it a different brand. It was argued by those who advocated this first policy that this would spare the premium brand and would attract new customers looking for low end products. The second suggestion is to offer deep discount to its captive customers only. Neptune has around 300 restaurants who are its regular customers and it is proposed that they be offered up to 45% discount on additional off take. It was argued that this would not be considered as price cutting and would avoid a price war with competition. This would also target a closed market which had the potential to absorb more quantities if the price was right. This would help the restaurants increase their own customer bas by offering different fares and would not hurt the image of Neptune in the market. The

Effective vs. Ineffective Language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Effective vs. Ineffective Language - Essay Example Ineffective language happens as a result of failure of attainment of certain goals set, as a result of stress and pressure in the process of work. Such stress leads to use of a communal language that develops in the setting where there is stress. Language and euphemism develop in form of group terms from group thinking such as ‘credibility and cultivating a ‘you attitude.’ In organizations, the jargon is useful for developing motivation among workers to work toward a certain cause and goal. It is an effective language in creating motivation among workers. Such jargons are useful for stirring self-drive in places of work. They are especially effective where users and learners of language are involved. Creating a ‘you attitude’ may serve in more than one field as means of development. Use of language like this and jargon among a group of people creates a communication platform for the workers and new users of a language to develop unity and understanding among themselves. The jargon develops into other modes of language that acts like the first language for the group involved. It provides authenticity and as sense of belonging and extends further to the use of aid in achieving communication through language different from the norm but which is understood among peers, colleagues or other groups that need to communicate amongst

Evaluation of Tourism Brochure for Portugal

Evaluation of Tourism Brochure for Portugal The National Tourism Office for Portugal describes the country as one of the world’s oldest nations whose boundaries have remained unchanged since the thirteenth century. It encompasses the Azores and Madeira within its region and offers rapid access to other countries in Europe as well as the American continent and Africa. It has mild winters and ‘agreeable’ summers. It has a population of over 10 million, with the highest demographic in Lisbon. It boasts strong and historical and cultural ties with the rest of the world. (Sourced from: http://www.portugal.org/index.shtml, Date accessed, 12/01/09) Located in South West Europe Portugal has been an economic and politically powerful country and played a key role in early maritime exploration during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. It is clear that tourist brochures key objectives are to sell a positive and appealing destination to travelers; what is not quite so apparent are the disguised messages that are frequently conveyed by the way in which certain pictures are produced and by way of cleverly composed coded text throughout. Two official brochures issued by the Portuguese Tourism Office will be analysed for their content within this paper. This will mostly focus on visual images as well as some textual interpretation. One represents a traditional travel brochure depicting the country generically, while the other is their most up to date promotional campaign brochure which has only recently been launched. In Eric Laws’ Embracing and Managing Change in Tourism he talks about using content analysis to make ‘replicable and valued inferences from data to their context’. His model seeks to decode messages according to categories including location, activities, transport and travel parties etc whilst breaking down the analysis in sections; the front page, photographs and text. (Laws, 1998) It is this approach that will be applied to this paper. Assessing first the more traditional brochure for the country, immediately the front cover conveys a sense of isolation, with what appears to be a digitally enhanced image of a rock in the middle of the sea. Whether this is meant to represent Portugal is unclear and although a little uninspiring it will appeal to a certain type of audience that will want to discover more. This audience target becomes more apparent the further into the brochure you read. The first page into the literature provides a mixture of emotive, nationalistic and evocative images. A local Portuguese poet is quoted as a means of engaging the reader immediately with the prospect of a country which is inspired by the arts, as well as characterising it as a country not to be confused as a seaside resort, but rather for its lesser known rugged mountains and lakes which are illustrated romantically on the front cover. The accompanying text continues to relay all of the diverse things that Portugal has in terms of app ealing to a broad audience. These include nightclubs, hiking or deserted coves. However whilst it may seem to want to appeal to all people it is at the same time obviously trying to attract the type of middle class, sensitive and emotional visitor who will be inspired by beauty and poetry. The second page continues with this theme but elaborates on the architecture, museums and heritage to be discovered. Now the reader begins to imagine Portugal as more of an ‘old world’ country, which of course is what it is and it is clear that the brochure wants to emphasise this age old association with Portugal, not so much the seaside resort, but more of a cultural haven. Once again this romantic element continues across the following pages where the quaint old images are elaborated further with the introduction of the idea of romance. It’s as if the brochure has succeeded in coming across as a charming, welcoming country which is most suitable as a destination for lovers a nd couples to embrace. The reader is told that for the Portuguese ‘romance is as important as the air they breath’ It even goes so far as to say ‘one-night stands are out’ which automatically assumes that the young, single man or woman perhaps coming to the country in a group of similar young and single people would not feel comfortable or at ease. This is not the market that they want to encourage. It is a clever message and not so much cryptic, more overt in its presence. Already there have been four images all of which contain no people in them. This is particularly interesting as it suggests the sender of the message is trying to convey Portugal as a form of tourism which suits escapism. Pictures of food and restaurants feature across the next two pages with a list of the ten things you should not leave Portugal before tasting. Portugal thrives on its high-level services like drinking, eating and shopping and it seems uncharacteristic then that for a thirty six page brochure only around three or four pages have any images of food, bars or restaurants. Already this assumes in many ways that the country has defined its tourist and is utilising different methods of trying to attract them. In Finn et al’s Tourism and Leisure Research Methods: Data Collection, Analysis, and Interpretation the authors write about a research study which took place over three years on a remote Scottish Island with the intention of understanding better the relationship between islanders and tourists. Life on the island changed significantly over the summer months when visitors arrived and the study was able to determine that all visitors could be clearly categorized. The categories included day-trippers, summer residents, tourists, returning island-born visitors etc. (Finn et al, 2000) The tourists were defined, known and responded to accordingly. Each country has an understanding of who their visitors are and will attempt to appeal to them as categories, such as those listed above. In order to do that they apply a number of techniques that will be designed to capture the imagination of any given category. This particular brochure omits any indication of hedonism, instead it depicts couples walking or lone back-packers. There are no crowd scenes, no shots of happy groups of participatory people. The focus remains on large rural landscapes, with urban representations limited to the city architecture, rather than on nightlife or entertainment. The word romance appears seven times in the first four pages, which immediately indicates that the oweness is on this type of visitor; a couple or perhaps two friends looking for meaningful encounters rather than drink-fuelled, party antics. This isn’t isolated to one section of the brochure either, it is prevalent throughout even in the pages selling Lisbon, Portugal’s adven turous capital city. In fact the word Lisbon only features once in some contact details at the end of the literature. Portugal’s capital is referred throughout by its old traditional Portuguese name, Lisboa. This in itself suggests that the tourist office is appealing to more sophisticated and knowledgeable travelers who will know that Lisboa is Lisbon. Some readers may understandably pick up a brochure of Portugal looking for Lisbon, but it is clearly this type of prospective visitor that the country is not necessarily interested in appealing to here. Page 19 goes into tremendous detail about the historical background of the region. For many standard holiday makers looking for a cheap and cheerful get away this will automatically leave them cold and disinterested. The text reads like a detailed guide book in the style of Lonely Planet or Time Out. The Mosteiro dos Jerà ³nimos in the district of Belà ©m is a hymn in stone to Portugal’s maritime heritage, while the Torre de Belà ©m is a potent symbol of Portugal’s great age  of expansion. Even contemporary architecture takes on a maritime theme – the amazing new Vasco da Gama bridge is in the shape of a giant sail. After the devastating earthquake of 1755, Baixa Pombalina (the centre of Lisboa) was rebuilt in a classical style, but many of the winding mediaeval bairros remain, crammed with fascinating shops, restaurants and cafà ©s. At night they come into their own,  offering everything from African to Latin American music – and of course the  bluesy melancholy of fado. This is not the language traditionally associated with grabbing the attention of hard marketing, fast promoting tourist attractions and once again only seeks to reiterate the type of audience they are trying to capture. The second brochure for analysis is very different in its approach. It has been designed in a deliberately stylized way to grab the attention of the potential tourist. The reader is informed immediately that this has been created specifically for Portugal by the world renowned photographer Nick Knight. A photographer who is British, which immediately eradicates any thoughts of patriotism or national pride which comes across so clearly in the opening pages of the other brochure. And on the cover the reader is presented with a juxtaposing photograph of the Portuguese football manager Jose Mourinho resting above the caption ‘My country has 220 days of sunshine every year’. Jose Mourinho is the face of Portugal, literally. Not only that but the accompanying statement makes it personalized somehow, as if Mourinho was talking to the reader as a friend or confident. This is a very clever way of engaging readers. In addition it is almost as if the writers of the brochure have de cided that they need to associate the country more with a well known image. It signifies pride whilst boasting that it is a country blessed with sun and celebrities. National celebrities as well as the ability to attract other celebrities such as Nick Knight. It is a very bold, confident style. The most noticeable next technique to be analysed is the selected font that the brochure is written in. This looks like old computer style icons, which conjures up images of both the future in terms of technology and of nostalgia for old fashioned computer text. As a consequence the reader becomes drawn in by a familiar yet inspirational attitude towards the literature being presented. Is this the way in which Portugal is trying to be imagined? As an inspiring, forward-thinking country which is also reassuring some how. As if carrying on with this theme the brochure then informs us that Portugal is essentially trying to re-define and re-brand itself, telling us on page 4, that its many and varied assets deserve to be ‘promoted and exploited†¦.with a proper stage so that they can be seen, appreciated and valued as they are not enough at the moment’. This self-depreciating and yet overly confident message will appeal to readers on a number of levels. The information which the reader is communicated on page 6 is particularly interesting. It seeks to plead with prospective tourists on the basis of beginning to disassociate itself away from its old Mediterranean identity. Despite none of Portugal’s coast being on the Mediterranean Sea, it has often promoted itself as a ‘Mediterranean area’. For the first time in this brochure it is realigning itself with the ‘Atlantic†¦and our home’. This signifies a complete change of image and identity for the country and one that it wants to relay to other potential visitors from around the world. After approximately seven extremely short paragraphs along this same theme and a biography of Nick Knight; what emerges is a series of robust images, first of rugged seascapes and rough coastal scenes which invoke feelings of drama, excitement and energy which is clearly what this ‘new’ Portugal is attempting to portray. Probably the most powerful messa ges are however the next set of portraits which illustrate well known Portuguese people including the architect Miguel Cancio Martins, the artist Joana Vasconcelos, the footballer Cristiano Ronaldo and of course Jose Mourinho. It is a brochure which is very stylised and reads more like a power point presentation than a piece of promotional tourist information. It is particularly visual and leaves behind any romantic, idealised, historical textual information so associated with the hard sell of ‘old world country’s’. Instead it is making a very brave and bold move into re-branding itself as a country to be viewed as a modern contender even going to the extreme of repositioning itself geographically within the Atlantic Ocean, rather than the Mediterranean. Perhaps this has been done in a move towards getting people to start associating it with an entirely new type of holiday which does not necessarily reflect the beaches, clubs and excitement connected to the Medit erranean, but more in line with the sophistication of the brochure discussed earlier. To be considered more like Mexico and Guyana rather than Cyprus and Greece; the more popular and media driven destinations which are more and more prone to be associated with package tours, groups of young people and stag and hen parties. The other rationale for its provocative move might relate to the Middle East; so firmly entrenched as it is in the Mediterranean, in particular Israel and Libya. Recent political unrest and continued problems in this area might have prompted Portugal to consider disassociating itself from its previous identity. In Pritchard and Morgan’s study, Evaluating vacation destination brochure images: the case of local authorities in Wales, they identified the power and influence of images appearing in brochures into six groups all of which assist with establishing identity; scenery, activities, people, heritage, urban and rural and iconic destinations. (Pritchard and Morgan, 1995). This contemporary brochure proves no different in many ways. It still succeeds in Portugal establishing itself as a vacation destination in that it projects large bold images of Portugal’s natural scenery, not its heritage, castles or monuments, but the wildlife that exists around its coast, the people of course are also iconic representations and exemplify the country as a modern forward thinking and inspirational place to go. No activities are demonstrated but the photographs of well known people listed by occupation craftily suggests that it is possible to do anything in Portugal, whether that be a scient ist, artists, architect or even an Olympic champion. Portugal has it all. The juxtaposition of both brochures; traditional and contemporary have been interesting to analyse in relation to their differences as well as their very obvious similarities. From this angle it is determinable that messages may often be similar or indeed the same but that they can be delivered in very conflicting ways in the context of differing perspectives. Many of the messages relayed in both brochures advertising Portugal predominantly appeal to more broad minded, sophisticated audiences who appreciate and know a little more about life and the world around them. By doing so it sometimes actually serves to discourage anything other than that type of tourist, which may on some levels seem risky, whilst on others is understandable if the country has faced economic, public or political issues due to the nature of their tourism or media associated tourism. References Finn, M, Elliott-White, M, Walton, M (2000) Tourism and Leisure Research Methods: Data Collection, Analysis, and Interpretation: Pearson Education Laws, E, Faulkner, W, Moscardo, G, Faulkner, B (1998) Embracing and Managing Change in Tourism: International Case Studies: Routledge Pritchard, A and Morgan, N. (1995) Evaluating destination brochure images: the case of local authorities in Wales, Journal of Vacation Marketing, Vol 2, pp 23-38 Ringer, G.D (1998) Destinations: Cultural Landscapes of Tourism: Routledge Official Portugal Tourism Office (Sourced from: http://www.portugal.org/index.shtml, Date accessed, 12/01/09)

Imperialism of United States in the Philippines

After its defeat in the Spanish-American War of 1898, Spain ceded its longstanding colony of the Philippines to the United States in the Treaty of Paris. On February 4, 1899, just two days before the U.S. Senate ratified the treaty, fighting broke out between American forces and Filipino nationalists led by Emilio Aguinaldo who sought independence rather than a change in colonial rulers.The ensuing Philippine-American War lasted three years and resulted in the death of over 4,200 American and over 20,000 Filipino combatants. As many as 200,000 Filipino civilians died from violence, famine, and disease. The decision by U.S. policymakers to annex the Philippines was not without domestic controversy. Americans who advocated annexation evinced a variety of motivations: desire for commercial opportunities in Asia, concern that the Filipinos were incapable of self-rule, and fear that if the United States did not take control of the islands, another power (such as Germany or Japan) might do so.Meanwhile, American opposition to U.S. colonial rule of the Philippines came in many forms, ranging from those who thought it morally wrong for the United States to be engaged in colonialism, to those who feared that annexation might eventually permit the non-white Filipinos to have a role in American national government. Others were wholly unconcerned about the moral or racial implications of imperialism and sought only to oppose the policies of President William McKinley’s administration.After the Spanish-American War, while the American public and politicians debated the annexation question, Filipino revolutionaries under Aguinaldo seized control of most of the Philippines’ main island of Luzon and proclaimed the establishment of the independent Philippine Republic. When it became clear that U.S. forces were intent on imposing American colonial control over the islands, the early clashes between the two sides in 1899 swelled into an all-out war. Americans tended to refer to the ensuing conflict as an â€Å"insurrection† rather than acknowledge the Filipinos’ contention that they were fighting to ward off a foreign invader.

Biography of Greek Philosopher Anaximander

Anaximander was a Greek philosopher who had a deep interest in cosmology as well as a systematic view of the world (Encyclopedia Britannica). Although little about his life and world is known today he was one of the first philosophers to write down his studies and he was an advocate of science and trying to understand the structure and organization of the world. As such he made many significant contributions to early geography and cartography and he is believed to have created the first published world map. Anaximander’s Life Anaximander was born in 610 B.C.E. in Miletus (present-day Turkey). Little is known about his early life but it is believed that he was a student of the Greek philosopher Thales of Miletus (Encyclopedia Britannica). During his studies, Anaximander wrote about astronomy, geography and the nature and organization of the world around him. Today only a small portion of Anaximander’s work survives and much of what is known about his work and life is based on reconstructions and summaries by later Greek writers and philosophers. For example in the 1st or 2nd century C.E. Aetius became compiling the work of early philosophers. His work was later followed by that of Hippolytus in the 3rd century and Simplicius in the 6th century (Encyclopedia Britannica). Despite the work of these philosophers, however, many scholars believe that Aristotle and his student Theophrastus are most responsible for what is known about Anaximander and his work today (The European Graduate School). Their summaries and reconstructions show that Anaximander and Thales formed the Milesian School of Pre-Socratic philosophy. Anaximander is also credited with inventing the gnomon on the sundial and he believed in a single principle that was the basis for the universe (Gill). Anaximander is known for writing a philosophical prose poem called On Nature and today only a fragment still exists (The European Graduate School). It is believed that many of the summaries and reconstructions of his work were based on this poem. In the poem, Anaximander describes a regulating system that governs the world and the cosmos. He also explains that there is an indefinite principle and element that form the basis for the Earth’s organization (The European Graduate School). In addition to these theories Anaximander also early new theories in astronomy, biology, geography, and geometry. Contributions to Geography and Cartography Because of his focus on the organization of the world much of Anaximander’s work contributed significantly to the development of early geography and cartography. He is credited with designing the first published map (which was later revised by Hecataeus) and he may have also built one of the first celestial globe (Encyclopedia Britannica). Anaximander’s map, although not detailed, was significant because it was the first attempt to show the entire world or at least the portion that was known to the ancient Greeks at the time. It is believed that Anaximander created this map for a number of reasons. One of which was to improve navigation between the colonies of Miletus and other colonies around the Mediterranean and Black seas (Wikipedia.org). Another reason for creating the map was to show the known world to other colonies in an attempt to make them want to join the Ionian city-states (Wikipedia.org). The final stated for creating the map was that Anaximander wanted to show a global representation of the known world to increase knowledge for himself and his peers.   Anaximander believed that the inhabited portion of the Earth was flat and it was made up of the top face of a cylinder (Encyclopedia Britannica). He also stated that the Earth’s position was not supported by anything and it simply remained in place because it was equidistant from all other things (Encyclopedia Britannica).   Other Theories and Accomplishments In addition to the structure of the Earth itself, Anaximander was also interested in the structure of the cosmos, the origin of the world and evolution. He believed that the sun and moon were hollow rings filled with fire. The rings themselves according to Anaximander had vents or holes so that the fire could shine through. The different phases of the moon and eclipses were a result of the vents closing. In trying to explain the origin of the world Anaximander developed a theory that everything originated from the apeiron (the indefinite or infinite) instead of from a specific element (Encyclopedia Britannica). He believed that motion and the ape iron were the origin of the world and motion caused opposite thing such as hot and cold or wet and dry land for instance to be separated (Encyclopedia Britannica). He also believed that the world was not eternal and would eventually be destroyed so a new world could begin. In addition to his belief in apeiron, Anaximander also believed in evolution for the development of the Earth’s living things. The world’s first creatures were said to have come from evaporation and humans came from another type of animal (Encyclopedia Britannica). Although his work was later revised by other philosophers and scientists to be more accurate, Anaximander’s writings were significant to the development of early geography, cartography, astronomy and other fields because they represented one of the first attempts to explain the world and its structure/organization. Anaximander died in 546 B.C.E. in Miletus. To learn more about Anaximander visit the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

Cardiac Action Potentiel - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 507 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? The cardiac action potential differs from the action potentials present in other body sections. It is a brief change in membrane potential across the cells of the heart, caused by movement of charged atoms that are so-called ions, in and outside the cell via proteins referred to as ion channels (C.A.P, 2017). The action potentials that are in other electrically excitable cells like nerves differ from cardiac action potential in that action potentials vary within the heart because different cells have different ion channels. For a case in point, as Theeplab.com (2017) states, nervous and the non-peace maker cardiac cells that are called muscle cells depend on the opening of channels of Na in order to facilitate the depolarization phase, while the cardiac peace-maker cells depend on Ca ions in depolarization. In fact, ions transfer from the intracellular context to the extracellular context and vice versa, are what makes it possible for polarization and depolarization of peace-maker cells and the cardiac cells of the muscle. Through the cellular membrane, the ions get transferred, aiding in the maintenance of the different charges in and outside the cell. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Cardiac Action Potentiel" essay for you Create order The main forces that facilitate the transfer of ions across the membrane of the cells are chemical and electrical potential. Chemical potential causes downward movement of ion concentration gradient. On the other hand, electrical potential cause particles that are similarly charged to move away. Changes in voltage of every single cardiac cell are represented by the action potential because of their true resting potential, fast in depolarizing, and having prolonged plateau phase like shown in the figure below (Daily Yin, 2017). Phase 0 is the rapid depolarization where there are increased sodium ions and decreased potassium ions conductance. Phase 1 is the initial depolarization consisting of decreased ions of sodium and increased ions of potassium conductance. Phase 2 consists of plateau phase with increased Ca++ conductance (Petrosky et.al, 2013). Phase 3 indicates depolarization with increased ions of potassium and decreased Ca++ conductance. The last phase is the resting phase where there are increased ions of potassium, decreased ions of sodium, and decreased Ca++ conductance. And so, since the movement of distinct ions in and out of the cells determines the actions potentials, the conductance of these ions is what alters the action potentials. Sodium channel blockers are used in non-nodal tissue in order to decrease the fast inward movement of ions of sodium, in turn decreasing the slope of phase 0 and the depolarization size (Rohr, 2004). The principal effect causing this change is referred to as conduction velocity. Like the action potentials, the article on Cardiac Action Potentials (2017) elucidates that, changes in conductance of membrane by potassium and calcium ions changes the slow response of action potentials, and in this case, calcium channel blockers are used to reduce the slope of phase 4, in turn decreasing the rate at which spontaneous depolarization reduces the rate of firing of the peacemaker. This kind of drugs when used, also decrease the slope of phase 0 that in turn alters the velocity of conduction that is within the AV node.