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Terrorism Case free essay sample

Fear based oppression has been around for a considerable length of time. It has developed from its start and over the long haul the procedures and methods change. Each fear monger blames a specific reason so as to legitimize their dread assaults. Because somebody is a fear based oppressor isn’t doesn’t imply that they have mental issues. They accept that they are following God’s will and will wind up in heaven for completing these exercises. Fear mongering in the Middle East has its underlying foundations in the Arab-Israeli clash that is going on. These psychological militant exercises that happen in the Middle East have been submitted for the sake of Palestinian self-assurance and for the obliteration of Israel. The contention with Israel has been going on since 1948 when it was formally made. One of the principle purposes behind this contention was on the grounds that Palestine accepts that Israeli terrains were guaranteed to them by British pilgrim specialists. One of the significant fear monger bunches that were made in this contention was the Palestine Liberation Organization which was driven by Yasser Arafat. We will compose a custom article test on Psychological warfare Case or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Their primary strategic to wreck Israel and set up a Palestinian state. Since Israel is the main non-Muslim country in the Middle East it is viewed as a trespasser of Islamic ways. They accept that the Western world is ruining the Middle East. Psychological warfare additionally happens in Europe. Some little fear based oppressor bunches were shaped in the late mid 1960’s and mid 1980’s. These fear based oppressor bunches blamed the inspirations of financial matters and vision for their motivation to do these assaults. Not at all like other fear monger bunches these were undergrads who were utilizing demonstrations of viciousness since they couldn’t look for some kind of employment in the wake of graduating school. Two significant fear monger bunches that were made were the Provisional Irish Republican Army and Spain’s Bosque Fatherland and Liberty which there mission was to endeavor to withdraw from their countries. In 1922 Ireland was allowed autonomy from Britain with the arrangement that its six dominatingly Protestant northeaster regions would remain with the United Kingdom. Numerous Irish didn’t concur with this split of their nation. The Catholic minority that was associated with this division confronted separation in work, lodging, and political interest. With respect to the Basque fear based oppressor bunch which was framed in 1959, its strategic to push General Franco out of intensity. The fear monger bunch additionally needed an autonomous state for Spain’s Basque ethnic gathering. The Basque ETA endured political abuse on the grounds that the Spanish government attempting to obliterate their way of life and absorb them into the Spanish culture. Concerning the Al Qaeda record I would figure that it was made inside the most recent twenty years since it discusses utilizing modern strategies to explode explosives, for example, utilizing impacting tops. It discloses to you how touchy they are and that you should take alert in light of their affectability. It additionally reveals to you how to make the impacting top utilizing an all-encompassing funnel and that touchy material which is the fundamental essential substance. It just appears as if this couldn’t have been written in the 70’s or 80’s yet I could be mixed up. One significant distinction between Al Qaeda and the U. S. military is we are increasingly sorted out. The U. S. military has a set method of getting things done and preparing in a controlled domain. Al Qaeda then again needs to prepare in mystery because of a paranoid fear of being found by American or alliance powers. They should prepare with whatever weapons they can get their hands on. Their weapons aren’t as cutting edge as the U. S. military. Al Qaeda utilizes IED’s or Improvised Explosive Devices to make harm American and alliance powers. These IED’s are viable however not sheltered or precise. They cause these IED’s from whatever they to can discover. They are produced using five segments which incorporate a switch (activator), an initiator (combine), compartment (body), charge (touchy), and a force source (battery). It is exceptionally hard for westerners to penetrate Al Qaeda since they are such a very close gathering, that utilizes mystery as an apparatus to stop any conceivable invasion of their system. As per U. S. spy organizations they think that its progressively hard to invade Al Qaeda contrasted with the Kremlin during the virus war. This isn’t great on the grounds that so as to stop further fear based oppressor assaults you need to invade that association to accumulate insight. In the event that you don’t have solid knowledge sources, at that point you are essentially visually impaired and open to assault. Some counterterrorism authorities said their offices botched early chances to penetrate the Al Qaeda arrange. They had a go at offering money awards to get Al Qaeda individuals to flip on their association. The issue with that strategy is these fear monger individuals are strict radicals and don’t need to successfully irritate God. By them accepting hush money they would do only that. I would rate Al Qaeda’s level of refinement as moderate. I wouldn’t contrast them at all with our military. We are refined and have a very much looked after military. Al Qaeda then again doesn’t experience the broad preparing that our military does. They do have their different preparing techniques however they aren’t as cutting edge as the American military. One bit of leeway of Al Qaeda’s preparing technique is their mountain preparing. They have many years of preparing in the mountain’s and that is the reason it is hard for American and alliance powers to chase them down. As a lead specialist I would tell them Al Qaeda’s preparing techniques and weapon of decision which is the AK-47 ambush rifle. This is a powerful weapon since it doesn’t jam regularly and it is flexible in a desert situation. I would likewise raise their degree of mystery and their devotion to their religion as a reason to submit mass homicide to assist their motivation. My group would need to see how Al Qaeda works and make sense of an approach to get somebody inside to invade their gathering and bring home some strong useable Intel to stop further slaughtering. http://www. towson. edu/polsci/ppp/sp97/dread/causes. html http://www. huffingtonpost. com/2008/03/20/specialists why-the-west-cant_n_92633. html

College and Health Condition

College and Health Condition 5 Ways College Can Affect Your Health Condition Home›Education Posts›5 Ways College Can Affect Your Health Condition Education PostsCollege greatly influences all spheres of students’ life. Maybe someone will be surprised but college has enormous effect on health condition. When in college, students experience some health problems. They include stress, sleep deprivation, depression, weight gain, and others. Feeling good is very important for every person. Health is the greatest treasure in our life, therefore, it is crucial to take care of it. There is no life absent good health condition. As college times are a little bit stressing period of our life, you should be aware of 5 most common ways college can affect your health condition. Look through 5 most common ways in order to be ready:Sleep deprivation.When in college, students experience sleep deprivation very often. Students often find themselves in such a difficult situation as being overloaded with tons of assignments. T hey spend sleepless nights in a hope to cope with all their tasks but quite often it doesn’t help and only leads to health problems. So, whenever you are overloaded with your tasks, you can always contact qualitycustomessays.com  in order to alleviate the burden.Weight gain.One of the biggest problems student may encounter with in college is weight gain. As newcomers feel scary and nervous, they tend to eat more, thus gaining weight. Also students don’t want to waste their time on normal dinner. Instead of this, they eat fast food which is rich in calories. For this very reason, it is recommendable to keep to a healthy diet and eating schedule.Depression.It is a known fact that students experience heightened levels of anxiety and depression. They suffer from such issues when getting used to a new environment. Depression is a very dangerous state of health, therefore, you should take immediate action. Try not to be nervous and control yourself.Casual sexual affairs.Since students start to feel free because of leaving their homes and parents, they fool around and don’t think about the consequences. Sometimes students engage in casual sexual affairs as they think it is normal since their peers do the same way. However, be ready that casual sex can bring you a lot of problems such as sexually transmitted diseases, unintended pregnancy, sexual violence, and emotional distress. Please remember that it is better to have one reliable and beloved person than sleep around.Substance abuse.All abovementioned issues may lead to substance abuse. It is a common situation when students go on a drinking bout or start to take drugs. It’s a serious problem because it causes negative consequences. Everyone should remember that drinking or taking drugs will not save you from problems but only aggravate them.

Fahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury - 1952 Words

Censorship is everywhere in America. We censor or ban items or themes from movies, books, and other things in an attempt to keep the people of our country happy, content. However, this method doesn t always work, especially for the people who created was is being censored. This is clearly displayed in the plight of Ray Bradbury’s novel about a dystopian American society, Fahrenheit 451, which contains many ideas and bits of content that some people believed should be censored. In fact, one of the reasons that this novel was censored for displaying the dangers of censorship, which is both extremely ironic, and telling as to where this society is going. Thanks to several distributors and oversensitive parents and teachers, Fahrenheit 451 has been banned in many schools over the years, and replaced with censored copies by editors and distributors on the market. There are many aspects and ideas displayed in Fahrenheit 451 that society finds need to censor, although some are rather minor and aren t actually that offending. Most of the reasons are religiously controversial or deal with language and death (sometimes suicide). For example, in one scene, Guy Montag and his fellow firemen were on a burning mission at the house of an old woman. They doused the house in gasoline, but then the woman herself set the house ablaze, killing herself and burning her books (Bradbury, pg. 36-37). In a different scene, Mildred Montag is seen talking with her lady friends, and the topic ofShow MoreRelatedFahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury719 Words   |  3 PagesThe flash point of paper, or the temperature at which paper will burst in flames, is 451 degrees Fahrenheit. In Fahrenheit 451, written by Ray Bradbury, the main character, Guy Montag, is a â€Å"fireman† in a futuristic society where he and his coworkers start fires, rather than put them out. Books are banned and burned, along with the owner of the book’s house and sometimes even the owner of the book, upon discovery. Technology has taken over in a sense that social interaction between the average personRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury954 Words   |  4 Pages In Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, the author uses allegory (often misinterpreted by readers) to show the dangers of mass media consumption and the decline of reading traditional media. Many readers draw incorrect conclusions (lessons learned) from the book due to how generally the book applies its theme. Government censorship, though an important topic, is not the intended focus of the novel Fahrenheit 451. Finally, Bradbury’s original message of the book shows the beauty of traditional media andRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1592 Words   |  7 PagesWhen writing the introduction to Fahrenheit 451, author Neil Gaiman stated that â€Å"ideas--written ideas--are special. They are the way we transmit our stories and our thoughts from one generation to the next. If we lose them, we lose our shared historyà ¢â‚¬ . Gaiman is absolutely correct; especially because what he is saying heavily applies to books. Books are a critical aspect in shaping humanity as a whole, they create and share a network of creative ideas, history, and overall entertainment; to loseRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury918 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Fahrenheit 451,† written by Ray Bradbury, is a futuristic, dystopian novel based upon a society secluded by technology and ignorance. In this future society, books are outlawed and firemen are presented with the task of burning books that are found in people’s homes. Montag, a fireman, finds himself intrigued with the books, and begins to take them home and read them. As the story progresses, Montag learns the truth behind why books are outlawed and flees his city to join the last remnants of age-oldRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury847 Words   |  4 PagesSet Knowledge On Fire The book Fahrenheit 451 is a postmodern work by Ray Bradbury first published in 1951. In Bradbury’s story, all books are illegal and are subject to be burned by firemen. Furthermore, the two predominant themes of Fahrenheit 451 are censorship and ignorance. The censorship implemented over the years removes all information from society that is necessary to learn, which accomplishes to prevent people from questioning anything. The ignorance of society has been fostered and theRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1661 Words   |  7 Pages1.) In the novel, Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, Montag’s view on life reverses. Two characters the influence the main character Guy Montag are the old lady whose house and books were burnt down and Mildred. The old lady was caught preserving books in her home. Firemen including Montag were ordered to burn the books. The old lady refused to leave her books, so she too was burned. She bravely gave an allusion as her last words, â€Å"Play the man,’ she said, ‘Master Ridley.’ Something, somethingRead MoreFahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury818 Words   |  4 PagesFAHRENHEIT 451 BY RAY BRADBURY Important People in Montag’s Life In Partical Fulfillment Of English 2 Ms Irina Abramov By Helen Hernandez November 9, 2012 â€Å"There are worse crimes than burning books. One of them is not reading them† -Ray Bradbury. In the past there were events that affected book writers. People will get together to burn books because they thought it was inappropriate or they were against their literature. Montag is a fireman in a futuristic society who would startRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury863 Words   |  4 PagesThe novel, Fahrenheit 451 was written by Ray Bradbury and it took place in the dystopian future. Throughout each novel, we are able to see a major theme, which is censorship. In this essay, I will explain how this theme are explored in the story by using the literary devices. To begin with, in this novel, censorship is not given a straight description, but we can see how the author shows it through many literary elements, such as using the setting, tone and symbolisms even foreshadowing. This novelRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1544 Words   |  7 PagesRay Bradbury, the author of Fahrenheit 451, expresses his perspective on life in an interview. His interview contains a common theme: Do what you love, and love what you do (Bradbury). Bradbury sends a message in his interview that people should love life, and live to the fullest because he believes life is a beautiful thing. Although Bradbury no longer can demonstrate his love for life his message still lives in the pages of Fahrenheit 451. The Government of the society in the novel has told theirRead MoreFahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury904 Words   |  4 PagesLiving in a world with no free thought would be bland as cardboard. But, if that cardboard illuminated with fire, would it have more mea ning than it did before? The answer is yes. In the novel Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, the main character, Montag, finds much meaning behind the simple element of fire. The symbol of fire is used to represent how Montag changes himself and his ideas and thoughts about fire throughout the novel. At first, Montag views fire as destructive, but enjoys burning because

Liberation of Woman Essay - 1317 Words

The Liberation of Woman The terms Liberated Women and Womens Liberation are not necessarily synonymous. In fact, much like the chicken and the egg, one may wonder which came first. While the term Liberated Women was probably not a widely used phrase until the height of the womens liberation movement, I maintain that liberated women emerged first. Moreover, it was the liberated women who inspired and initiated the womens liberation movement. In The Politics of Housework Pat Mainardi writes, Liberated women - very different from womens liberation! The first signals all kids of goodies, to warm the hearts (not to mention other parts) of the most radical men. The other signals - housework (Bloom†¦show more content†¦One fig was a husband and a happy home and children, and another fig was a brilliant professor, and another fig was Ee Gee, the amazing editor, ... and another fig was an Olympic lady crew champion, and beyond and above these were many more figs I couldnt quite make out. I saw myself sitting in the crotch of this fig tree, starving to death, just because I couldnt make up my mind which of the figs I would choose. I wanted each and every one of them, but choosing one meant losing all the rest, and, as I sat there, unable to decide, the figs began to wrinkle and go black, and, one by one, they plopped to the ground at my feet. (Plath 62-3) The helplessness and confusion Esther feels no doubt stems from the pressure to resign herself to the role of perfect housewife and to be completely satisfied with that role, as many women of the era seemed to be. However, Esther believes that she is worthy of much more, and she is right. She would have fit in well with the women of the new millennium who strive to have it all, though the fight is not easy for them either. Liberated women also wanted their sexual independence. They were tired of the double standard that existed in the bedroom. It was acceptable for a man to have sexual experience before marriage, but a woman mustShow MoreRelatedLiberation And The Africana Woman1406 Words   |  6 Pages LIBERATION AND THE AFRICANA WOMAN Amijah C. Townsend-Holmes African Diaspora and the World (ADW 112) Professor J. Canty March 17th, 2016 Spring 2016 atownse5@scmail.spelman.edu Paulo Freire’s beliefs concerning liberation and notions of oppression absolutely align with one another and tell a story that starts with enslavement that still relates to today. In Freire’s writings, he does not hesitate to highlight the white power establishment, and the black survival struggleRead More Plaths The Bell Jar -The Liberated Woman Essay1639 Words   |  7 PagesPlaths The Bell Jar -The Liberated Woman      Ã‚   I tried to imagine what it would be like if Constantin were my husband.    It would mean getting up at seven and cooking him eggs and bacon and toast and coffee and dawdling about in my nightgown and curlers after hed left for work to wash up the dirty plates and make the bed, and then when he came home after a lively, fascinating day hed expect a big dinner, and Id spend the evening washing up even more dirty plates till I fellRead MoreThe Myth Of Woman By Simone De Beauvoir922 Words   |  4 Pagesthemselves. The myth of woman is the idea that women are inherently different than men. Man believes that he posits himself first, and then posits others. In the myth of woman, men see women as others that are incapable of positing themselves. The reality is that women are the same as men in an existential sense. They are both subjects, who posit themselves before they posit others. Man uses the myth of woman to subjugate women and treat them as lesser, as â€Å"[the myth of woman] justifies all privilegesRead MoreEssay about Liberated Women vs. Womens Liberation1363 Words   |  6 PagesLiberated Women vs. Womens Liberation      Ã‚   The idealized American housewife of the 60s radiated happiness, freed by science and labor-saving appliances from the drudgery, the dangers of childbirth and the illnesses of her grandmother...healthy, beautiful, educated, concerned only about her husband, her children, her home, wrote Betty Friedan in The Problem That Has No Name (463). Women were portrayed as being freed, yet it was from this mold that liberated women attempted to freeRead MoreAnalyzing Black Liberation Theology, Latin American Liberation Theology, and Feminist Theology1371 Words   |  6 PagesLiberation Theology Black Liberation Theology, Latin American Liberation Theology, and Feminist Theology Liberation theology comprises of two main principles: it recognizes the call for liberation from any form of oppression economic, political, and social: second, it says that theology must grow from the basic Christian communities and not from above. Liberation theology examines the theological meaning of human activities, which includes an explanation of the Christian faith out of sufferingRead MoreBell Hooks And The Feminist Movement872 Words   |  4 Pagesschool she received her bachelor’s degree from stanford university and her master’s degree from UC Santa Cruz. She experienced racial and sexual discrimination throughout her life, and when she was in college, Bell Hooks was exposed to the women’s liberation movement; a feminist movement from the 1970’s that fought for issues that affected women. This movement gave her an outlet to express her ideas about feminism. Bell Hooks fought for women’s rights through literature and created a more inclu siveRead MoreFeminism As A Black Woman774 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent to every woman. What feminism means to Beyoncà © may be different from what it means to Bell Hooks. In Feminism is for Everybody, Hooks defines feminism as, â€Å"a movement to end sexism, sexist exploitation, and oppression.† Beyoncà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s feminism may be personal to her but the narratives she depicts in Lemonade resonate with her fans. Through the lenses of Hooks, I will examine the lyrics and images of Beyoncà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Lemonade by comparing their views on marriage, political liberation, and double standardsRead MoreLiberation Ideology Essay1235 Words   |  5 Pagesthat all individuals are free and equal. Liberation ideology strives to eliminate external and internal oppression of particular groups in both a formal and informal method in our legal system and society. This ideology believes in the freedom and equality of the individual. Similar to welfare liberalism, strong government in teraction is necessary to eliminate oppression in the legal system. In our current bipartisan ideological government system, liberation ideology continues to face oppressionRead MoreSimone De Beauvoir And Frantz Fanon And The Oppression Of Women1649 Words   |  7 Pages With the view of the minority so firmly permeating society’s mind, the voice of the minority falls to the wayside. Simone de Beauvoir, Frantz Fanon, and Michel Foucault all seek to establish a voice for the minority, and a path to freedom and liberation from the dominance of the normalized majority. In her work â€Å"The Second Sex.† De Beauvoir tackles the oppression of women. While not a minority, women are written out of society by a more dominant male society, and experience oppression like thatRead MoreBlack Women And The Black Men1345 Words   |  6 Pageshave a long feminist tradition dating back to 19th-century activists such as Maria W. Stewart and Sojourner Truth, but their struggles ar e a tale of two fights. To be a black woman seeking liberation, one had to fight racial inequality and sexual inequality at the same time. Black women who were involved in the Black Liberation Movement were discriminated against sexually by black men who were oppressed by whites and felt they had to adopt patriarchal roles. Black women in the Women s Movement faced

King Lear Imagery Free Essays

The seemingly loving and honest sisters, Generic and Reagan, and Starr son, Edmund, are In reality; evil, uncaring, deceitful beings, and clothing that symbolizes who a person Is, Is simply only an Illusion. Early on in the play, Learns two daughters, Generic and Reagan, appear to be very caring and are loving towards him, but with animal Imagery, their true nature is shown. When Lear tells his three daughter to profess their love to him (when he is dividing the kingdom) Generic and Reagan speak words of love and affection such as † Sir, I love you more than word can wield the matter,†¦ Beyond what can be valued, rich or rare,†¦ , when In reality, they do not possess the feelings they claim they have. We will write a custom essay sample on King Lear Imagery or any similar topic only for you Order Now Their appearance is that they are sincere, loyal and charming but the reality is the opposite. The two sister lie to their father to get what they want. They say what they know he wants to hear. It is only after Generic tries to force Lear to get rid of his men when he finally starts to realism how uncaring they are. Lear even calls Generic a â€Å"Detested kite! â€Å", and that Is in fact what she is. Her and her sister lied and faked emotion to benefit them, â€Å"fed† off Lear as a vulture would to It’s prey. Further Into the play, Lear completely realizes his daughters true evil nature, â€Å"†¦ How sharper than a serpent’s tooth it is to have a thankless child. â€Å", again referring to them as unpleasant, vile animals. They took advantage of their father who was blinded by his ego to see the reality of who his daughters were. He mistook Generic and Reagan as the loving daughters, and Cornelia as the unloving one. Just because Cornelia did not play Learns love game, she was seen as the uncaring child. The reality of the daughters nature was swapped. These uses of animal Imagery help show what the woo, seemingly loving and affectionate sisters are actually Like. Deceitful, and cruel. Another way that the play shows false appearance is with clothing imagery. If a person wears extravagant, well-made clothing he is thought to be high society and is well respected. On the contrary, someone who wears ragged clothing is seen as useless, unimportant, and of low society. Lear was seen as powerful and respected, he was In fact the King, and wore luxurious robes and a fancy crown. In reality, he was not an intelligent man who was as powerful as he perceived himself to be. His loathing gave him that appearance, the illusion of power. When he had nothing, no kingdom, power, authority, or shelter, he still had the clothing, but he realizes that it now means nothing, â€Å"Through tattered clothes great vices do appear;’ Robes and furred gowns hide all. Plate sin with gold,†¦ â€Å". In this quote Lear Is saying that poor people may appear to have weaker characters, but people Like him have this clothing clothing portray certain expected qualities of the wearer. Edgar, the son of Gloucester, knew of these societal perceptions and used them to his advantage. His Starr brother, Edmund, forges a letter of him plotting to kill his father. When his father learns of his apparent plan, he seeks to kill Edgar. To keep from being found and killed Edgar disguises himself as a Bedlam beggar, â€Å"†¦ Brought near to beast. My face I’ll grime with filth,] Blanket my loins, elf all my hair in knots,] And with presented nakedness outface/ The winds and persecutions of the sky. † Since he drastically altered his appearance, and removed his clothes that represented who he is, no one will recognize and be able to kill him. This imagery shows Just how important and influential the clothing they wear are. Society associates specific appearances to specific people. If you have the look, you are what the look signifies. An illusion of importance or unimportance can be made depending on what clothes are draped. This imagery again explores the theme of appearance verses reality and shows the reader what reality is underneath the appearance. As well as the previous types of imagery enhanced the central theme, eye imagery is perhaps the most prominent. Eyes are what literally see what happens. It would be presumed that one could see the reality when it is happening before their eyes, but n King Lear this was not the case. As mentioned before, Generic and Reagan were also reality twisting children who deceived their father. Eye imagery is used to help covey the message that Lear is finally seeing the reality of his daughters when he says, â€Å"Pierce every sense thee! / Old fond eyes J Between this cause again, I’ll pluck ye out. And cast you with the waters that you loose/ To temper clay. ‘ Yea, isn’t come to this? Ha! Let it be so, I have another daughter/ Who I am sure is kind and comfortable. † He now has the idea that Generic and Reagan are the daughters that do not care for him, ND that it is, in fact, Cornelia that truly loves him. Edmund appears to all as a fine young gentleman who is loyal and brave. In reality, Edmund is a cunning, devious, opportunist who will stop at nothing to please himself. Gloucester and many others are tricked by Edmunds appearance. What Gloucester does not see or refuse to see, is the hatred Edmund has for him because of his cavalier treatment of him. Edmund wants all control of Gloucester money and power. He fools both Edgar and Gloucester, destroying both of them, and turns them against each other. Only when Gloucester loses his physical sight does he see the reality of his two sons, â€Å"O my follies! Then Edgar was abused. Kind gods forgive me that, and prosper him! â€Å". He is told that Edmund was the one who ratted him out and that Edgar, all along, wasn’t plotting to kill him. What appeared to him was Edmund was the honorable one and Edgar was the one turning against him, when in reality, it was the other way around. This type of imagery shows that what is seen is not always what it appears to be. These characters acted in a manner that made them appear to be who they are not, and even with sight, the reality was not seen immediately. To conclude, Shakespeare effectively used imagery in King Lear to help emphasis his theme of appearance verses reality, and how things are not always what they appear to be. The use of animal imagery to portray the true nature of the two and eye imagery of how things that can be physically seen, are not always what they appear to be, all further prove that reality can be completely different from the appearance. At first glance or impression, something can seem totally different than it’s reality. Sometimes in order to see the truth, it takes more than Just seeing and believing what is right before your eyes. How to cite King Lear Imagery, Papers

Project Management Maturity Models

Introduction The business world in the early 90’s saw organisations start managing their own projects and the title of project manager became increasingly relevant within the organisational setting. Many organisations moved towards a principle called the PRINCE2M to create consistency in the way they managed their projects and to help the increasing number of project managers in their work (Kezner, 2005).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Project Management: Maturity Models specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Due to the demand for project management and the rising number of project managers in the industry, organisations started basing their recruitment and strategic planning models on competencies of project management. However, project management requires more than certification from an accredited institution. It requires more than just training of managers. A successful organisation must have proces ses, tools, policies and standards that will help it to excel in all the projects it undertakes and this excellence cannot be obtained in the absence of other management systems which must be integrated for the project management standards to work effectively. Apart from the project infrastructure, an organisation requires high performing individuals but the two aforementioned variables working in isolation cannot guarantee long term or consistency in performance. To start with, this infrastructure cannot establish itself; it needs efficient human capital to establish it and this may take several years. The establishment itself needs to follow certain standards and principles for it to be successful and this call for a model that can be used to guide managers through the process. Project managers need to know what they need to do and the methods that they need to arrive at a certain destination. This is why maturity models are important in project management. The work of the project maturity models is to describe the scope of the projects and the activities that may be related to the project. It also entails the establishment of the key process areas that are vital in the achievement of successful outcomes What is a Project Management Maturity Model? This is a progressive process that allows businesses, firms and organisations to make consistent and evident improvements in the course of the development of a project. Many people think that a project maturity model is a tool that can be used to transform a project rapidly.Advertising Looking for research paper on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is a misconception because it is supposed to be a continuous process where the outcomes of project improvement are seen as time goes by and as the project moves towards its completion. Maturity levels for a project depend on the nature of the project and the needs of the organisation. They a lso depend on the level of maturity the organisation wants to achieve and in most cases projects that are singular or unique in nature do not require a high level of maturity as opposed to regular and multiple projects (Kezner, 2005). Project management maturity always focuses on continuous improvement even if the highest level of maturity has been achieved. These continuous improvements are necessary because the modern organisational world is highly dynamic meaning that there are emergent issues that need to be addressed. These include logistical constraints and technological advancements. This means that an organisation must be flexible enough to outsource external help while developing a project to the required level of maturity because this allows for an unbiased and neutral outlook of the processes that are guiding the development of the project (Cleland, 2006). Organisations also need to be aware of their current level of maturity before it can embark on the process of continu ous improvement. This means that there must be a complete assessment of the strengths, weaknesses, objectives and competencies and this assessment has to be objective for it to guide the process of continuous improvement of the projects being undertaken. A project management maturity model can help organisations to decide on the level of maturity that the projects it is undertaking should achieve and this can be guided by a complete assessment carried out by professional consultants who are well versed in the project management trends. There are five levels of maturity that can be used to judge any project (Gareis, 2005). The least desired level of project maturity is called the chaotic level and in this phase of project development there is neither a registered process nor noticeable presence of best practices being used currently in the organisational setting.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Project Management: Maturity Models specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The second level of maturity is called the active level and in this level the processes in the project are effectively document and there is a noticeable attempt to carry out the works in the project using these documentations though the results of the project at this level may not be noticeable. They may appear ad hoc because the project has not started following the strategies and the disciplines of the organisation to the letter (Kezner, 2005). The next level is the efficient maturity level where there is an evidence of the disciplines and laid out processes being followed by the parts of the project though not all parts of the project may be sticking to these laid out guidelines to the letter. The next level of project maturity is called the responsive level where there is consistency in the application the required processes which are normally measured and set to optimal standards. At this level, the management is resp onsive to any changes that may be required during the project management process (Delaware, 2006). The last level of maturity is called the business driven level and this level is achieved when the project is able to generate its own data and information that may be used to make in depth decisions which may be applied in setting up standard and practices that guide organizational practices. This level follows continuous improvement ensuring that projects in any organisation utilise the best practices along a relevant down process which is not too stagnant meaning that continuous improvement efforts are out in. Not all project maturity models follow the aforementioned levels of maturity but good models like OGC and P3M3 are likely to give the best results in project management because they go beyond the project management activities that are being carried out at the individual level meaning that they encompass other activities within an organisation that build and maintain a program ensuring tat effective methods and managerial practices are used (Wetzel, 2002).Advertising Looking for research paper on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More If organisations undertake a maturity assessment against the aforementioned models, they will be able to effectively verify what they have achieved, analyse their strong and weak points which will help them to chart a course that will prioritise actions that will enable the organisation to achieve a higher level of capability through constant improvements guided by the best practices in the industry. How can organisations improve their overall productivity using the models? Program management maturity models help organisations to break down the process of organisational improvement into manageable bits by allowing it to address the lower KPAs before the higher KPAs. First, organisations identify the level they are operating at and then identify the place they want to be. It is not compulsory for all organisations to be at maturity level five because the ideal maturity level is determined by the level of importance of the project. When organisations identify where they want to be, th e models helps them to get ways of taking them where they want to be. The program management maturity models often guide organisational processes meaning that for the company to get to the place it wants to be it must address its existing policies, processes, standards and structures and see whether they are efficient enough to take it where it wants to be or they need to be changed. Sometimes, maturity models force organisations to change the way work is done within its structure therefore affecting the working practices of people (Stevens, 2002). In some cases, this change can be significant and the maturity models help the organizations to handle the transition. One of the project management models that has helped organisations to improved their overall productivity is the sigma six model which helps them to create an effective roadmap and ensures that all the suggested solutions work in favour of the organisation. The sigma six models help organisations to increase their ability of collecting metrics which in turn create a solid platform for ongoing improvement through establishment of key performance indicators. P3M3 is another model that has helped organisations to improve their productivity. To start with, the model helps organisations to make effective procurement decisions but the most effective application of the model is in skills development. Using the P3M3 competency map, it is possible to create a roadmap of training programs that are relevant and are in accordance with the abilities of organisations. This model has proved to be effective in human resource management within organisations because it allows organisations to structure their competencies around the competency framework and this is a very effective assessment for benchmarking people within an organisation. The importance of organizational strategy and how project management link to objectives to achieve results Organizational strategy is very important in project management and aligni ng project management to organisational strategy helps the program to achieve the desired results because of its alignment to organisational objectives. Traditional business managers focused on getting the job done without regard for the objectives of the organisation meaning that they did not focus on the business results for which the project was created. It is important to note that projects are investments and this implies that money to fund the project must support the business or organisational strategy. In the modern organisational setting a project is successful if it meets the strategic objectives of a company or an organisation regardless of whether the results are able to cover the margins of the investment. For organisational strategy to be achieved and for objectives to be used to achieve results in project management, there must be a strategic leadership (Phillips, 2002). These leaders and project managers must be able to make effective decisions and concentrate on ach ieving the strategic vision of the project. Another important element of organisational strategy in project management is strategic project portfolio management which outlines the priority of project execution according to the strategic impact of the project, the perspectives and the outlook of the business and the resources that the organisation has at its disposal. A project must have a strategy which means that for it to meet the objectives of the organisation and produce the desired results; there must be a definition of the competitive advantage of the product which will help in articulation of comprehensive project strategy that will help the product to be a winner in the market. Simply put, linking project management to the strategic objectives of an organisation is something that must be upheld in the modern organisational environment because organisations have evolved and the most important thing in an organisation is its strategic direction and objective (Lock, 2007). Any process that does not factor the strategic direction and objectives of an organisation is absolutely redundant in the modern organisational setting. As days go by, the organisational environment is becoming more and more competitive and organisation are facing fiercer competition which means that an expansive concept of project management that goes in line with organisational strategy will definitely help organisations to attain a competitive advantage by ensuring that the outcomes of the project are aligned with the organisational objectives. The transition towards an expansive concept of project management calla for a change in organisational structure and culture which will help in modification of processes which will make project management a strategic process. Project communication methods and role of the stakeholders Communication in a project is a very important process. The methods that are used in communication depend on the type and the scale of the project. These methods may be verbal or written; they may also be interactive or collaborative but as stated above, the nature of the project determines the communication method used. Large projects would be compromised by verbal communication. Large projects require written communication at every stage because it allows for documentation and referrals during and after the project. However, written communication is governed by legal and linguistic factors that revolve around privacy protection and accessibility. In a case where the stakeholders are distributed over a wide area, there is a risk of dilution of clarity of information meaning that the project communication managers must use cross functional and inter-organisational communicational channels to ensure that relevant and clear information gets to the stakeholders (Kwak,2005). Face to face communication is increasingly being phased out by advances in technology but it is a very important tool when the project managers are meeting the stakeholders. It is also good for formal briefings for mass audiences. E mails are the best forms of written communication because of its speed and posterity though they may be unread by the target recipient. Newsletters are very good for creating general awareness about a project. Notices and posters may not be as effective as emails but they are also important for communicating changes especially the simple ones. Manuals and formal project documents are other important communication methods for projects because they are usually detailed also serve as user guides. Finally blogs have become effective ways of project communication because they are being used by project managers to keep stakeholders updated and also serve as marketing avenues Role of Stakeholders in a Project Project stakeholders are entities inside or outside the organisation that may be either sponsoring the project, has an interest in the project because they stand to gain from it or may be impacted upon by the completed comple tion. These include the customer, project managers, the team and the sponsors. The most important stakeholders are the sponsors, the managers and the customers. The role of the sponsor is to finance the project and to give the manager the authority to make vital decision that concerns the objectives of the project. They also help the project manager to resolves some aspects of the project objectives that may not be clear. The project manager’s role is to take charge of the approved plan, to maintain relationship with the clients and to manage the expectations of the clients. The managers make vital decisions regarding the project and also manage the team that works on the project. The work of the customer is to provide directions for functional quality through the expectations they raise (Ireland, 2006). They keep the project manager and the team ob their toes ensuring that the outcome of the project is in line with their expectations. Project Quality, Successes and Failures Poor quality of project management can compromise a successful project especially when the manager overlooks the specifications of the sponsor and the client. The latter determine the quality of a project. Quality of a project is not determined by the materials used or the infrastructure in place neither does it determines the levels of flawlessness. A project may have defects and still meet the expectations of the client while another may be flawless but it fails to meet these expectations. This means that the first ting that the project manager and the team should take into consideration is the expectations of the client and then out a plan that will help them to meet the expectations (Kezner, 2005). An example of a successful project management process has the following components. To start with, it must have criteria for correctness and completeness which will give the team a common expectation of what the client requires. Secondly, it must have a quality control process to ensu re that the deliverables are of high quality and they meet the expectations of the customer. The third is the quality assurance process that minimises the levels of errors in the project. Examples of troubled projects include evidence of higher maintenance and supports costs, poor quality solutions that dissatisfy the customer, missed deadlines and they also exceed the budget and poor team work within the team. It is important to note that quality management is a continuous process that the team and the managers need to focus on throughout the entire life of the project. Conclusion A better part of this paper has addressed the nature of project maturity models and how they are useful in project management. Maturity models can enhance the success of the project by providing a roadmap that will ensure that an organisation makes continuous improvements on the project and also ensure that the projects are carried out according to the specifications of the clients. Most maturity models c an enhance the quality hence the quality of a project but the model that has proved to be very effective is the sigma six model. References Cleland, I. (2006). Global project management handbook. NY: McGraw-Hill Professional. Delaware, P. (2005). The right projects done right! NY: John Wiley and Sons. Gareis, R. (2006). Global project management handbook. NY: McGraw-Hill Professional. Ireland, L. (2006). Project Management. NY: McGraw-Hill Professional.. Kezner, H. (2005).Using the project management maturity model. Oxford. OUP Kwak, Y. (2005). A brief history of Project Management: The story of managing projects. NY: Greenwood Publishing Group. Lock, D. (2007). Project management. Chicago: Gower Publishing, Ltd Phillips, J. (2003). PMP Project Management Professional Study Guide. NY: McGraw-Hill Professional. Stevens, M. (2002). Project Management Pathways. WA: APM Publishing Limited. Wetzel, M. (2003). Fifty key figures in management‎. NJ. Rutledge This research paper on Project Management: Maturity Models was written and submitted by user Mess1ah to help you with your own studies. 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